A.

Number of People who speak Aymara in Bolivia (Statistics obtained by the I.N.E., 1976 census)

Department	Unilingual Aymara	Bilingual Aymara/ Aymara/Queshua	Trilingual A / S / Q	Total Aymara-speaking	Total Population
La Paz	276,547	603,762 6,947	32,392	919,648 (62.77)	1.465,078
Oruro	23,971	50,524 10,969	35,641	121,105 (39,01)	310,409
Potosi	9,335	8,643 29,140	19,250	66,368 (10,09)	657,743
Cochabamba	4,461	7,763 5,140	8,840	26,204 (3,63)	720,952
Santa Cruz	460	6,339 203	4,638	11,641 (1,64)	710,724
Chuquisaca	251	745 254	838	2,088 (0,58)	358,516
Tarija	96	899 20	729	1,744 (0,93)	187,204
Beni	94	1,251 10	293	1,648 (0,98)	168,367
Pando	12	92 1	48	153 (0,44)	34,493
TOTAL	315,228	680,018 52,684	102,669	1.150,599 (24,9%)	4.613,486

B.

Changes in the number of Aymara Speaking people in Bolivia (1854-1976)

Department	Aymara- Speaking	1854 Census (%)	Total	Aymara- Speaking	1976 Census (%)	Total
La Paz	359,752	(84.1)	427,972	919,648	(62.8)	1.465,079
Oruro	82,994	(90.9)	91,254	121,105	(39.0)	310,409
Other Departments	(Estimate: 0)		(no data)	109,846	(3.9)	2.837,999
TOTAL	442,746	--.--	(no data)	1.150,599	(24.9)	4.613,486

The data for the 1854 Census are from E.W.Middendorf's "Aymara Sprache". The 1976 Census data were supplied by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), La Paz, Bolivia.

Analisis: The data show that total population has grown 3.4 times, whereas the number of Aymara-speaking has only grown 2.6 times. This indicates a certain decrease, probably due to "Hispancization" campaigns. On the other hand, the number of Aymara-speaking people in other departments (outside La Paz and Oruro) has increased since 1854.

C.

Aymara and Illiteracy

Aymara-speaking people
Department	Some years of schooling	no schooling	Total
La Paz	587,411	332,237	9 19,648
Oruro	79,896	41,209	121,105
Potosi	27,203	39,165	66,368
Cochabamba	15,701	10,503	2 6,204
TOTAL	710,211	423,114	1.113,325
%	63.79%	36.21%	100%

From table p12, 1976 Census, Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), La Paz, Bolivia.

D.

E.

A short glossary of Aymara which shows the formation and phonemics (sic) of some words

yatiña

to know

yatiñaj

knowledge

yatiñawi

science

yatinqaña

wisdom

yatiña qanqaña

essence, substance of wisdom; "sapiencidad"/ Bol. for sapience/

yatiri

essence, substance of wisdom; "sapiencidad"/ Bol. for sapience/

yatiñakama

wisely

yatiñawikama

scientifically

yatiñawi kamana

scientific

yatiñawi qanqaña

essence of science, "scienticity"

una

object

unançaña

(to) know, to apprehend the object, to know about something

unançanaku

knowledge

unançiri

the one who knows (something special)

yatisiña

(to) use to (do something), "saberse", "poderse" / Bolivianisms/

uma

water

umaña

(to) drink

umaña yatisi

he is used to drinking

umata

drunk, tipsy

umawi

drinking trough, watering place

yatiyaña

to let know, (to) inform

unançayaña

to make something know

umayaña

to make (somebody) drink

uta

building, house

utaçaña

(to) build

yatiçaña

(to) teach, "to make wise"

yatiçiri

teacher, the one who teaches

yatiçawi

school, place where teaching is normally done

yatiqaña

(to) learn

yatiqeri

learner, pupil

qanqaña

(yo) be (ontologic sense)

qanqaña^j

being

qanqata

character

qanqawi

characteristc

qanqjaña

(to) exist

qanqjañawi

existence

utjaña

there be; to be available

utji

there is (are)

janiw utjkiti

there is (are) not

kanka

roast

kankaña

(to) roast

kankata

roasted

-wa

(to) be, copulative verbal sufix

ja`ça

big

ja`çawa

it is big

qanqañaça janiça tullanska, maa jis^kiwa.

IGR gives this translations in English: (To be or not to be is a question)

janit qanqkamna^ja?, ya^qa jis^kiwa ("by any chance it is not that it is")

by any chance is it not?, is another question)

-mna

verb ending for the general person (sic)

saña

(to) say

samna

people say

luraña

(to) do, make

luramna

people do

yatimna

people know

qala

stone qalaqera (uqarry, place where one gets stones)

qala qala

stony or rocky ground

qalanaka

several stones, stones

qalarara

stony, rocky

qalaçaña

(to) turn into stone

qalaçasiña

(to) be petrified

qalaptaña

(to) become hard as a rock

qalaçaña

(to) pave

qalançaraña

(to) unpave

qolla

medicine, medicinal drug

qollaña

(to) cure with medicines

qolliri

physician (some one who cures using medicine)

qolla kamana

pharmacologist, the one who prepares medicines

qora

grass

qolla qora

medicinal herb

qora qora

pasture, place where where there are many grasses(or herbs)

qoqa

tree

qoqa qoqa

forest

kuka

coca, coca plant

kuka kuka

coca plantation

qoya

original ancestry of andean cultures

suyu

space, territory

qoya suyu

Qoya territory

qoya^j

woman, queen of Qoya stock

qoya jaqe^j

Qoya man

jaqe

man, woman, human being

warmi

woman

çaça

man, male

wawa

young (of man, animals and plants)

çaça wawa

little male

warmi wawa

little famale

asu

newborn baby

asu wawa

newborn animal

asu

tender, young

tayna

first-born (either male or female)

taynaña

(to) give birth for the first time

tayniri

woman who is giving birth for the first time

wawaçasiña

(to) give birth

wawaçasiri

woman who is giving birth

qallu

young, kid, pup

qaçu )( orqo

female) (male

la`pa

louse

la`paña

lousy

^Kuçi

pig, hog

^Kuçiña

"puerquienta", swine (word of Aymara origin)

^Kuçiqerari

pigsty

Kusi

happy

Kusiña

to) make (someone) happy

Kusisiña

(to) be happy

^kayma

apathetic

^kaymasiña

to) become apathetic

^kari

liar

^karisiña

(to) lie / to oneself /

`qelli

resentful, (to) feel rejected, not to get attention

`qelliña

(to) bear someone resentment, to be annoyed with someone

`qellisiña

(to) become resentfull of, to resent

`qellu

yellow

`qellurata

yellowish

`çima

violet (colour)

`çima^ka

violaceous

^qella

ash

^qellaka

ashy

^qellawi

ashtray

^kata

lime

^katawi

limestone quarry

qata

place

nayra qata

first place

nayra qatankaña

(to) be in first place

`qata

too tight, "muy apreto" / Bolivianism /

kaka

grey hair, faded

^ka^ka

stutterer

qaqa

cavern, deep cave

^qa^qa

cooking stove

^qana

light, clarity, clear

qana

fishing net

^kana

plait (or braid)

jama

manner, mode

ukjama

thus (that way)

ukjamawa

it is so

qaljama

like stone

jaqjama

human-like

kunjamasá?

what does it look like?

kami

how

kamisá?

how is it?

^jama

excrement, scum, dregs

^jamjama

like excrement

kamisáki?

how are you? ("cómo es nomás") / Bolivianism /

waliki

well NOMAS

wali

well

tanta

meeting, reunion

tantaña

(to) get together

tantasiña

(to) meet

tantanaku

"(to) like together", "matching"

`tan`ta

bread

`tan`taçaña

to make bread

`tan`taçiri

baker (one who likes making bread)

`tan`ta kamana

baker, (one who makes a living from bread making

^tan^ta

old, torn, outdated thing

^tan^talli

ungraceful, wracked, destroyed

^tan^tawalla

poor man, person dressed in rags

^qatu

market, stall

`tan`ta ^qatu

place where bread is sold

^tan^ta ^qatu

flea market

`çama

strength

`çamani

strong (who has strength)

`çama ^ktara

strong man (who is very strong)

sinti

strong, intense

sintikama

strongly

^çama

that is not well ground or milled, half ground

çeqa

right

`çeqa )( kupi

left) (right

^çeqa

wing

jupa

he or she

ju^pa

quinoa

para

front

`para

flight, scare

^para

dry, lacking in water

uru

day

oro

vault, a hill shaped like a vault

oro oro

place where there are many vault-shaped hills (Oruro)

tutu

great

tutu sariri

good walker, wanderer, mast, pole

toto

mast, pole

qollo

mountain

qollo qollo

mountain range

qollu

waste (of time)

uru qollu

wasting the day

ayllu

geographical and cultural environment in which somebody was born

ayllo

bolas (weapon which consists of several roped tied together with

mori

wet, that has absorbed water

muri

desperate, disconsolate

man`qa

food

man`qaña

(to) eat

man`qasiña

(to) eat together

man`qafapiña

(to) eat (several people together)

man`qantaña

(to) gulp down, to gobble up

man`qsuña

(to) eat (everything, to leave nothing on the plate)

man`qayaña

(to) meke someone eat (to) help someone to eat)

man`qaçukiña

(to) pretend one is eating

man`qawi

eater