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Introduction to the Aymara Grammar
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The content of this grammar is an eclectic result of some items
of our bibliography. It must be considered
as a superficial grammar.
However, we hope that the interested visitor will be able to get rudimentary
skills on Aymara communication.
This basic grammar is organized as follows:
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Introduction.- The current page with some tables of
elementary vocabulary.
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Alphabet.- In this page is presented the official
Aymara alphabet
called único. This is a phonemic alphabet, that is, there are a one-to-one relation
between the considered phonemes and the letters of the alphabet. Also are presented earlier
alphabets a table of equivalences.
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Paradigms of the Verb.- The paradigm of conjugations of the verb
in tense and mood by using suffixes. Also the paradigm of the transitional forms for the transitive verbs.
Some transitive verbs can have more than 300 different forms.
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Vocabularies.- They have four directions
Aymara-->English,
Aymara-->Spanish and its respective reciprocals and are organized by themes
verbs, nouns(animals, foods,...,etc.) and adjectives.
| AFFIRMATIVE | NEGATIVE | UNCERTAINTY |
|---|
| Jisa=Yes | Not=jani | Inasa=Perhaps |
| THE 4 PERSONS SYSTEM OF AYMARA |
|---|
| Singular | Naya | I |
|---|
| Juma | You |
| Jiwasa | You and I |
| Jupa | He/She |
| Plural | Nayanaka | We(interlocutor excluded) |
|---|
| Jumanaka | You |
| Jiwasanaka | We(interlocutor included) |
| Jupanaka | They |
| Numbers (JAKHUÑA) |
| Maya | 1 | Tunka-mayani | 11 | Kimsa-tunka | 30 |
| Paya | 2 | Tunka-payani | 12 | Pusi-tunka | 40 |
| Kimsa | 3 | Tunka-kimsani | 13 | Phisqa-tunka | 50 |
| Pusi | 4 | Tunka-pusini | 14 | Suxta-tunka | 60 |
| Phisqa | 5 | Tunka-phisqani | 15 | Paqalqu-tunka | 70 |
| Suxta | 6 | Tunka-suxtani | 16 | Kimsaqalqu-tunka | 80 |
| Paqalqu | 7 | Tunka-paqalquni | 17 | Llatunka-tunka | 90 |
| Kimsaqalqu | 8 | Tunka-kimsaqalquni | 18 | Pataka | 100 |
| Llatunka | 9 | Tunka-llatunkani | 19 | Phisqa-pataka | 500 |
| Tunka | 10 | Pätunka | 20 | Waranqa | 1000 |
| COLORS (SAMANAKA) |
|---|
| Aymara | English | Aymara | English |
|---|
| Qhana | Clear | Janq'u | White |
| Janq'ulla | Whitish | Ch'amaka | Dark |
| Ch'iyara | Black | Churi | Pale color |
| Allqa | Combination of two colors | Chupika | Red |
| Ch'uxña | Green | Q'illu | Yellow |
| Larama | Dark blue | Qaqa | Gray |
| Sajuna | Blue | Ch'ixi | Black&White |
| Qupa | Green(esmerald) | Millu | Beige |
| Paqu | Blondie | Arumita | Orange |
| Ch'umpi | Cofee | Uqi | Gray |
| Laqampu | Sky blue | Qhisti | Blacken |
| K'ulli | Purple | Chuchi | Clear Brown |
| Some other useful vocabulary |
|---|
| Aymara | English |
|---|
| Kamisaraki | Hello |
| Winus tiyas | Good Morning |
| Winas täris | Good afternoon |
| Sarä | I will go |
| Jajutma | Come here |
| Yuspagara | Thank you |
| Qurpa | Lodging |
| Thaki | Trail, way |
| Nayax Aymara parlt'awa | I speak Aymara |
| Jaya(Jak'a) | Distant(Close) |
| Aynacha(Alaxa) | Down(Up) |
| Kunjamaskatasa? | How are you? |
| Nayax walisktaw,..., jumasti | I am OK,.., and you? |
| Kawki | Where? |
| Kawki pirs munta? | Which one you want? |
| Kunjata | How? |
| Kuna | What? |
| Kunata | Why? |
| Kawkis uñstanta? | Where you come from? |
| Uka ch'ullu muntwa | I want that chullo |
| Uka ch'ullu alxïta | Sell me that chullo |
| Khawkhas? | How much? |
| Mä rat past'arapï jilata | I will go/come one moment, my friend |
| Ikiw puritu | I want to sleep |
| Arsu mayaki arsuma | Tell me something, please |
| Aka isix thathawa(t'iqiwa) | This dress is very large(small) |
| Jakisiñkama | Good by |
| Kunjamas akax jumataqix? | What do you think about this? |
| Askiru Churata Tatay(Mamay) | Good morning, (afternoon, night) (archaic greeting) |
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